Brass properties
Brass is a copper-zinc alloy valued for its machinability, corrosion resistance, electrical conductivity, and attractive gold color. The common cartridge brass (70 percent copper, 30 percent zinc) is shown here in the annealed condition; cold working raises its strength.
Mechanical properties
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Yield strength | 15 ksi (105 MPa) |
| Ultimate tensile strength | 47 ksi (325 MPa) |
| Elongation | 65% |
| Hardness | about 65 HRB (Rockwell B) |
| Modulus of elasticity | 16,000 ksi (110 GPa) |
Physical properties
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Density | 0.308 lb/in³ (8530 kg/m³) |
| Melting point | about 915 to 955 °C |
Thermal properties
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Thermal conductivity | 120 W/m·K |
| Thermal expansion | 19.9 µm/m·°C |
| Specific heat | 380 J/kg·K |
Values are typical for the grade and condition shown. Actual properties vary with temper, heat treatment, and product form, so use these for comparison and preliminary design and confirm against material certificates for final work.
Compare with other materials
See the Material Properties Comparison, Yield Strength, and Density charts.
Typical uses
Brass is used for fittings, valves, fasteners, decorative hardware, musical instruments, and electrical terminals. It machines exceptionally well, resists corrosion, and takes a fine finish, which is why it dominates plumbing fittings and precision turned parts.
How it compares
Brass is more machinable and corrosion resistant than steel and cheaper than bronze, but softer and weaker. Compared with bronze it is easier to machine and more golden in color, while bronze is harder, more wear resistant, and better for bearings.
FAQ
What is brass made of?
Copper and zinc. Common cartridge brass is about 70 percent copper and 30 percent zinc; varying the ratio changes color, strength, and machinability.
Is brass corrosion resistant?
Yes, it resists corrosion well in air and water, though high-zinc brasses can dezincify in some waters, losing zinc and weakening.
What is the difference between brass and bronze?
Brass is copper-zinc; bronze is copper-tin (or other elements). Bronze is generally harder and more wear resistant; brass machines more easily.