1020 Steel properties
1020 is a low-carbon mild steel very similar to 1018, with a slightly different carbon and manganese balance. It is ductile, weldable, and easy to machine, and it is widely used for general fabrication and case-hardened parts. Values are for the cold-drawn condition.
Mechanical properties
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Yield strength | 51 ksi (350 MPa) |
| Ultimate tensile strength | 61 ksi (420 MPa) |
| Elongation | 15% |
| Hardness | 121 HB (Brinell) |
| Modulus of elasticity | 29,000 ksi (200 GPa) |
Physical properties
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Density | 0.284 lb/in³ (7870 kg/m³) |
| Melting point | about 1480 to 1525 °C |
Thermal properties
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Thermal conductivity | 51.9 W/m·K |
| Thermal expansion | 11.7 µm/m·°C |
| Specific heat | 486 J/kg·K |
Values are typical for the grade and condition shown. Actual properties vary with temper, heat treatment, and product form, so use these for comparison and preliminary design and confirm against material certificates for final work.
Compare with other materials
See the Material Properties Comparison, Yield Strength, and Density charts.
Typical uses
1020 is used for shafts, pins, gears, and general machine parts, and like 1018 it carburizes well for a hard wearing surface. It is a common choice for stampings, brackets, and weldments where moderate strength and easy fabrication matter more than high strength.
How it compares
1020 and 1018 are near twins; either serves where a soft, ductile, weldable carbon steel is needed. Both are far softer than medium-carbon and alloy steels, trading strength for excellent workability, weldability, and low cost.
FAQ
What is the difference between 1018 and 1020 steel?
Very little in practice. They have slightly different carbon and manganese, with similar strength, machinability, and weldability. Either works for general low-carbon steel needs.
Is 1020 steel good for welding?
Yes. Its low carbon content gives excellent weldability without preheating for most applications.
Can 1020 be hardened?
Only by case hardening. The carbon is too low for through-hardening, but carburizing gives a hard surface layer.