CNC Calculators

Section in active development

A growing collection of calculators for everything from feeds and speeds to G-code arc math. Built for machinists, programmers, and shop owners who need the right number fast — without the textbook lookup. Categories below show the planned scope; individual calculators ship as they’re built.

📐 Lathe 16

Bar Stock Length CalculatorHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR Work out how many parts a length of bar stock will yield once facing and parting […]Constant Surface Speed CalculatorHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR Target Surface Speed (SFM) Current Diameter (in) Spindle Max RPM Limit Calculated RPM— Status— Spotted an […]Facing Cycle Time CalculatorHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR Part Diameter (in) Feed Rate (in/min) Number of Passes Facing Radius— Cycle Time— Time = (Radius […]Grooving Time CalculatorHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR Groove Depth (in) Plunge Feed Rate (in/min) Peck Passes Dwell per Peck (sec) Plunge Time— Total […]ID Boring Time CalculatorHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR Bore Length (in) Approach/Clearance (in) Feed Rate (in/min) Number of Passes Total Travel per Pass— Cycle […]Knurling CalculatorHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR Part Diameter (in) Knurl Pitch (TPI) Circumference— Number of Teeth / Diamonds— Adjusted Diameter (Whole Teeth)— […]Lathe Operation Time CalculatorHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR OperationFacingOD TurningParting-Off Stock diameter (in) Length of cut (in) Approach/clearance (in) Feed rate (in/rev) Spindle speed […]Lathe Speed and Feed CalculatorHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR Get spindle speed and feed rate for turning from workpiece diameter, target surface speed, and feed […]OD Turning Time CalculatorHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR Turn Length (in) Approach/Overtravel (in) Feed Rate (in/min) Number of Passes Total Travel per Pass— Cycle […]Parting-Off Time CalculatorHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR Stock Diameter (in) Bore/Bar Diameter (in) Feed Rate (in/min) Parting Travel (Radius)— Cycle Time— Travel = […]Taper CalculatorHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR Large diameter (in) Small diameter (in) Length between diameters (in) —Taper per foot —Taper per inch […]Thread Turning CalculatorHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR Thread Pitch (in) Number of Passes Full Thread Depth (60°)— Depth per Pass (Equal Split)— Depth […]Threading Compound Infeed CalculatorHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR Find the dial reading to feed in along an angled compound slide so the full thread […]Threading Pass CalculatorHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR Total thread depth, radial (in) Number of passes —First pass depth —Final pass depth Pass Depth […]Turning Feed CalculatorHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR Spindle RPM Feed per Revolution (in/rev) Feed Rate— Feed Rate (IPM) = RPM × Feed per […]Turning RPM CalculatorHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR Cutting Speed (SFM) Stock Diameter (in) Spindle RPM— RPM = (SFM × 3.82) / Diameter. Reduce […]

📐 CNC Router 14

Acrylic Feed CalculatorHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR Spindle Speed (RPM) Number of Flutes Recommended Feed Rate (Acrylic)— Acrylic chip load default 0.005 in/flute […]Engraving Time CalculatorHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR Estimate how long an engraving job will run from the total tool path length, your feed […]MDF Feed CalculatorHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR Spindle Speed (RPM) Number of Flutes Recommended Feed Rate (MDF)— MDF chip load default 0.018 in/flute. […]Plywood Feed CalculatorHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR Spindle Speed (RPM) Number of Flutes Recommended Feed Rate (Plywood)— Plywood chip load default 0.010 in/flute […]Router Feed Rate CalculatorHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR Spindle Speed (RPM) Chip Load per Flute (in) Number of Flutes Feed Rate (IPM)— Feed Rate […]Router RPM CalculatorHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR Cutting Speed (SFM) Bit Diameter (in) Spindle Speed— RPM = (SFM × 3.82) / Bit Diameter. […]Router Speed and Feed CalculatorHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR Get spindle speed and feed rate for a CNC router bit cutting wood, MDF, or plastic, […]Sheet Nesting Yield CalculatorHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR Get a quick estimate of how many rectangular parts fit on a sheet in a simple […]Sign-Making Time CalculatorHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR Total Toolpath Length (in) Feed Rate (ipm) Number of Plunges Time per Plunge (sec) Estimated Job […]Tab and Bridge Spacing CalculatorHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR Part perimeter (in) Target max spacing between tabs (in) Tab width (in) —Number of tabs —Actual […]Tab Thickness CalculatorHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR Work out how thick to leave retention tabs when cutting parts out of sheet stock, so […]V-Bit Carving Depth CalculatorHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR Solve forWidth (from desired depth)Depth (from desired width) V-bit included angle (deg) Desired depth (in) Bit […]V-Bit Width CalculatorHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR V-Bit Included Angle (°) Plunge Depth (in) Resulting Cut Width— Cut Width = 2 × Depth […]Wood Chip Load CalculatorHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR Wood TypeSoftwood (0.012 in)Hardwood (0.008 in)MDF (0.018 in)Plywood (0.010 in) Number of Flutes Spindle Speed (RPM) […]

📐 Geometry & Shop Math 14

Arc CalculatorHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR Radius (in) Arc Angle (°) Arc Length— Chord Length— Arc Length = Radius × Angle (rad). […]Bolt Circle CalculatorHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR Enter the bolt circle radius (or diameter), the number of holes, and a starting angle, and […]Bolt Circle Coordinate GeneratorHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR Bolt Circle Diameter (in) Number of Holes Start Angle (°) Holes are evenly spaced at 360/N […]Chamfer CalculatorHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR Chamfer Depth / Z-Leg (in) Angle from Face (deg) Width (Face Leg)— Chamfer Length (Hypotenuse)— Included […]Chord Length CalculatorHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR Given valuesRadius + central angleRadius + arc lengthRadius + sagitta (segment height) Radius (in) Central angle […]Circular Segment CalculatorHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR Radius (in) Segment Angle (°) Segment Area— Segment Height (sagitta)— Area = 0.5 × R² × […]Cone Development CalculatorHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR Base Radius (in) Top Radius (in, 0 for full cone) Cone Height (in) Slant Height— Development […]Fillet Radius CalculatorHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR Fillet radius (in) Included angle between surfaces (°) —Tangent setback from corner —Fillet arc length —Chord […]Hole Pattern CalculatorHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR Pick Linear or Grid, enter the spacing and count, and this returns the X/Y coordinate of […]Hole Pattern GeneratorHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR Rows Columns X Spacing (in) Y Spacing (in) Start X (in) Start Y (in) Generates a […]Polygon CalculatorHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR Number of Sides Across Flats (in) Across Corners— Side Length— Interior Angle— For a regular polygon: […]Right Triangle CalculatorHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR Solve a right triangle from its two legs, the everyday shop math behind layout, angle blocks, […]Sine Bar CalculatorHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR Find the gauge block stack height needed under one end of a sine bar to set […]Trigonometry CalculatorHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR Side A (in) Side B (in) Hypotenuse (Side C)— Angle Opposite A— Angle Opposite B— Right-triangle […]

📐 Milling 14

Axial Chip Thinning CalculatorHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR High feed mills cut with a shallow lead angle, so the chip the tooth removes is […]Ball Nose Effective Diameter and Feed CalculatorHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR Ball nose end mills only cut with part of the ball at shallow depths of cut. […]Corner Feed Reduction CalculatorHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR Cutting around a corner pulls the tool sideways, and the machine cannot apply infinite acceleration to […]End Mill Speed and Feed CalculatorHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR Get RPM and feed rate for an end mill in one step from diameter, target SFM, […]Face Mill Speed and Feed CalculatorHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR Get RPM and table feed for a face mill from cutter diameter, target SFM, insert count, […]Helical Interpolation CalculatorHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR When boring a hole larger than the tool by helical interpolation, the tool center follows a […]Keyway Dimension CalculatorHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR Looks up standard square/parallel key width and height for a given shaft diameter (ANSI inch square […]Pocket Milling Time CalculatorHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR Pocket length (in) Pocket width (in) Pocket depth (in) Tool diameter (in) Stepover (% of diameter) […]Radial Chip Thinning CalculatorHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR Tool diameter (in) Radial engagement / depth of cut (in) Desired chip thickness per tooth (in) […]Ramp Angle CalculatorHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR Find the ramp angle for a helical or linear plunge entry from total depth and horizontal […]Slotting Feed CalculatorHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR Full-width slots (cutting at 100% of tool diameter) load every tooth more than a normal side-milling […]Stepdown (Axial DOC) CalculatorHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR Tool diameter (in) Flute length / length of cut available (in) StrategyRoughing — conservative (1.0x D)Roughing […]Stepover (Scallop Height) CalculatorHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR Find the maximum stepover for a ball nose tool that keeps the scallop (cusp) height under […]Surface Finish CalculatorHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR Estimate the theoretical surface finish a cut will leave. Turning finish comes from the feed and […]

📐 Drilling 12

Counterbore & Countersink CalculatorHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR Two calculators in one: countersink depth for flat-head screws, and counterbore diameter/depth for socket-head cap screws. […]Deep Hole Drilling CalculatorHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR Hole Depth (in) Drill Diameter (in) Peck Depth (in) Feed Rate (ipm) Depth-to-Diameter Ratio— Number of […]Drill Breakthrough CalculatorHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR Drill Diameter (in) Point Angle (°) Breakthrough / Point Length Allowance— Allowance = (Diameter / 2) […]Drill Cycle Time CalculatorHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR Hole depth (in) Drill point allowance (in) Feed (in/rev) Spindle speed (RPM) Number of holes Peck […]Drill Feed CalculatorHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR Spindle Speed (RPM) Feed per Revolution (in/rev) Feed Rate (IPM)— Feed Rate = RPM × Feed […]Drill Point Depth CalculatorHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR A drill bit’s tip is conical, so the hole must go deeper than the flat-bottom depth […]Drill RPM CalculatorHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR Cutting Speed (SFM) Drill Diameter (in) Spindle RPM— RPM = (SFM × 3.82) / Drill Diameter. […]Drill Speed and Feed CalculatorHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR Get spindle speed and feed rate for a twist drill from diameter, target surface speed, and […]Hole Depth-to-Diameter Ratio CalculatorHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR Check how deep a hole is relative to its diameter, the single biggest factor in whether […]Peck Drilling CalculatorHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR Work out how many pecks a deep hole will take and how deep the final peck […]Spot Drill Depth CalculatorHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR Drill Diameter (in) Point Angle (°) Spotting Depth— Spotting Depth = (Diameter / 2) / tan(Point […]Through-Hole Drill Depth CalculatorHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR Material Thickness (in) Drill Diameter (in) Point Angle (°) Breakthrough Allowance— Total Drill Depth— Total Depth […]

📐 Tapping & Threading 12

Helical Thread Milling CalculatorHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR Hole Diameter (in) Thread Mill Diameter (in) Feed per Tooth (in) Number of Flutes Spindle Speed […]Metric Thread CalculatorHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR Major Diameter (mm) Thread Pitch (mm) Tap Drill Diameter— Pitch Diameter— Minor Diameter— Tap Drill = […]Rigid Tapping Feed CalculatorHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR Spindle Speed (RPM) Threads per Inch (TPI) Tapping Feed Rate (IPM)— Rigid Tapping Feed Rate = […]Single-Point Threading CalculatorHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR Threads per Inch (TPI) Number of Passes Total Thread Depth (60°)— Infeed per Pass— Thread Depth […]Tap Drill Size CalculatorHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR Thread systemInch (UN, specify TPI)Metric (specify pitch in mm) Major diameter Threads per inch (TPI) Pitch […]Tapping Speed CalculatorHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR Get spindle speed and feed rate for rigid tapping from tap diameter, threads per inch, and […]Thread CalculatorHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR Pick Metric or Unified, enter the major diameter and pitch (or threads per inch), and this […]Thread Depth CalculatorHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR Work out the key depths for tapping a thread: the height of one thread, how much […]Thread Engagement Length CalculatorHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR Estimate the minimum thread engagement length needed so the screw fails before the threads strip, based […]Thread Milling CalculatorHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR Get spindle speed and Z feed rate for cutting a thread with a thread mill helical […]Thread Percentage CalculatorHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR Nominal Major Diameter (in) Theoretical Minor Diameter (in) Actual Tap Drill Used (in) Thread Percentage— Thread […]Unified Thread CalculatorHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR Major Diameter (in) Threads per Inch (TPI) Tap Drill Diameter— Pitch Diameter— Minor Diameter— Pitch = […]

📐 Core CNC 11

Chip Load Calculator (Feed per Tooth)Home » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR Back-solve chip load (feed per tooth) from a known feed rate, spindle RPM, and flute count, […]Circular Interpolation CalculatorHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR Find the I and J offsets (arc center, relative to the start point) for a G02 […]Cutting Time CalculatorHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR Estimate machining time for a single feature or pass from cut length, feed rate, and number […]Cycle Time CalculatorHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR Enter each cutting operation’s path length and feed rate, plus setup, tool-change, and rapid time, and […]Feed per Revolution CalculatorHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR Spindle RPM Feed per Revolution (in/rev) Feed Rate— Feed Rate (IPM) = RPM × Feed per […]Feed Rate Calculator (IPM)Home » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR Calculate table feed rate in inches per minute from spindle RPM, chip load per tooth, and […]Material Removal Rate (MRR) CalculatorHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR Calculate material removal rate from feed rate, axial depth of cut, and radial width of cut, […]Speeds and Feeds OptimizerHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR Pick your material, tool, and cutter size and this optimizer returns a complete starting point — […]Spindle Power & Torque CalculatorHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR Estimates the spindle power and torque required for a milling or turning cut, based on material […]Spindle RPM CalculatorHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR Solve for spindle speed (RPM) from a target surface speed (SFM) and tool diameter, the reverse […]Surface Feet Per Minute (SFM) CalculatorHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR Find cutting speed (surface feet per minute) from tool diameter and spindle RPM, the core number […]

📐 CNC Setup 11

Coordinate Rotation CalculatorHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR X Coordinate (in) Y Coordinate (in) Rotation Angle (°) New X— New Y— X’ = X·cosθ […]Edge Finder Offset CalculatorHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR Find the work coordinate offset to add when touching off an edge with a probe or […]Fixture Offset CalculatorHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR Machine Home to Fixture Datum (in) Fixture Datum to Part Zero (in) Fixture Offset (Work Coordinate)— […]ISO Hole/Shaft Fit & Tolerance CalculatorHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR Computes the actual hole and shaft size limits (in mm) for the five most common ISO […]Parallels / Stack Height CalculatorHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR Vise jaw height (in) Parallel height (in) Stock / part height (in) Min stock-above-jaw clearance needed […]Polar Coordinate CalculatorHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR X Coordinate (in) Y Coordinate (in) Radius— Angle— Radius = √(X² + Y²). Angle = atan2(Y, […]Probe Calibration CalculatorHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR Known/Master Diameter (in) Probe-Measured Diameter (in) Probe Error— Calibration Tip Offset (radius)— Probe Error = Measured […]Tool Length Offset CalculatorHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR Reference Tool Length (in) Current Tool Length (in) Tool Length Offset— Tool Length Offset = Reference […]Vise Clamping Pressure CalculatorHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR Check the actual clamping pressure on a part from a vise or clamp, so soft or […]Work Coordinate CalculatorHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR Machine X Position (in) Machine Y Position (in) Work Offset X (in) Work Offset Y (in) […]Workholding Clamping Force CalculatorHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR Cutting force (lbf) Friction coefficient (part-to-fixture) Safety factor Number of clamping points —Force per clamp —Total […]

📐 Tooling 10

Cutter Engagement CalculatorHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR Tool Diameter (in) Radial Width of Cut (in) Radial Engagement— Engagement Angle— Engagement % = WOC […]Maximum DOC CalculatorHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR Usable Flute Length (in) Tool Diameter (in) Max Axial DOC (Flute-Limited)— Max Recommended Radial DOC— Axial […]Runout Effect on Chip Load CalculatorHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR Tool runout means one flute does almost all the cutting while the others barely engage. This […]Tool Balance RPM CalculatorHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR Operating Spindle Speed (RPM) Tool/Holder Balance Grade (G) Max Recommended RPM for Grade— Status— Operating RPM […]Tool Cost per Edge CalculatorHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR Insert / Tool Price ($) Edges per Insert Number of Regrinds Cost per Regrind ($) Edges […]Tool Deflection CalculatorHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR Tool diameter (in) Stickout length (in) Cutting force (lbf) Tool materialCarbide (E = 88 Msi)HSS (E […]Tool Life EstimatorHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR Reference preset (optional, fills C and n) — Manual entry —HSS tool, turning mild steel (C≈200, […]Tool Overhang Ratio CalculatorHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR Check how far a tool is stuck out relative to its diameter, and roughly how much […]Tool Stickout CalculatorHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR Tool Stickout Length (in) Tool Shank Diameter (in) Length-to-Diameter Ratio— Relative Deflection Factor— High L:D ratio […]Toolholder Reach CalculatorHome » CNC CalculatorsCALCULATOR Pocket / Feature Depth (in) Holder Clamping Length (in) Clearance Margin (in) Required Toolholder Reach— Required […]

💰 Machining Cost 8

📐 Manufacturing & Production 8

📐 4th & 5th Axis 7

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The calculators and tools on Formula Factory are provided for general guidance and informational purposes only. Results are estimates based on standard formulas and the values you enter — they do not constitute professional engineering, electrical, or architectural advice. Always verify calculations with a qualified professional before making decisions for any safety-critical, code-compliance, or commercial application. Formula Factory makes no representations or warranties as to the accuracy or completeness of any result, and accepts no liability for errors, omissions, or any outcomes arising from reliance on this information.